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8.1.08

Step2 Eponyms Notes

Addison’s Disease
· primary adrenocortical deficiency
Addisonian Anemia
· pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells ®¯IF ®¯Vit B12 ® megaloblastic anemia)
Albright’s Syndrome Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy
· polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls pseudohypoparathyroidism.
Alport’s Syndrome
· hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
Alzheimer’s
· progressive dementia The loss, usually progressive, of cognitive and intellectual functions, without impairment of perception or consciousness; caused by a variety of disorders, most commonly structural brain disease. Characterized by disorientation, impaired memory, judgment, and intellect, and a shallow labile affect.
Argyll-Robertson Pupil
· loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
· “Prostitute’s Eye” - accommodates but does not react
· Pathognomonic for 3°Syphilis
Arnold-Chiari Malformation
· cerebellar tonsil herniation
Barrett’s
· columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* risk of adenocarcinoma)
Bartter’s Syndrome
· hyperreninemia primary juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia with secondary hyperaldosteronism, RECESSIVE
Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy
· similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
Bell’s Palsy
· CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
Berger’s Disease
· IgA nephropathy
Bernard-Soulier Disease
· defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)
Berry Aneurysm
· circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed)
· often associated with ADPKD
Bowen’s Disease
· carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)
Briquet’s Syndrome
· somatization disorder
· psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology
Broca’s Aphasia
· Motor Aphasia intact comprehension
Brown-Sequard
· hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)
Bruton’s Disease
· X-linked agammaglobinemia
Budd-Chiari
· post-hepatic venous thrombosis
Buerger’s Disease
· acute inflammation of small, medium arteries ® painful ischemia ® gangrene
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
· small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV
·8:14 translocation
Caisson Disease
· gas emboli
Chagas’ Disease
· Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achlasia
Chediak-Higashi Disease
· Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy
· repeated infections
Conn’s Syndrome
· primary aldosteronism
Cori’s Disease
· glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
· prion infection ® cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
·congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
·glucuronyl transferase deficiency
Crohn’s
·IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas
(contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, * colon cancer risk)
Curling’s Ulcer
· acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Cushing’s
· Disease: hypercorticism 2° to * ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
· Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1° adrenal or ectopic)
Cushing’s Ulcer
· acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
de Quervain’s Thyroiditis
· self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis) thyroiditis with round cell (usually lymphocytes) infiltration, destruction of thyroid cells, epithelial giant cell proliferation, and evidence of regeneration
DiGeorge’s Syndrome
· thymic hypoplasia ® T-cell deficiency
· hypoparathyroidism
Down’s Syndrome
· trisomy 21 or translocationmental retardation, retarded growth, flat hypoplastic face with short nose, prominent epicanthic skin folds, small low-set ears with prominent antihelix, fissured and thickened tongue, laxness of joint ligaments, pelvic dysplasia, broad hands and feet, stubby fingers, and transverse palmar crease. Lenticular opacities & heart disease are common. The incidence of leukemia is increased and Alzheimer's disease is almost inevitable by age 40.
Dressler’s Syndrome
·Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
· congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)
· striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
· deficiency of dystrophin protein ® MD X-linked recessive
Edwards’ Syndrome
· trisomy 18 (fatal within two to three years)
· rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease, m. diverticulum
Ehler’s-Danlos
· defective collagenoverelasticity and friability of the skin, hypermobility of the joints, and fragility of the cutaneous blood vessels and sometimes large arteries, due to deficient quality or quantity of collagen; the most common is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait;
Eisenmenger’s Complex
· late cyanotic shunt (R®L) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
· trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip
Ewing Sarcoma
· undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone
Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat
· carcinoma in situ on glans penis
Fanconi’s Syndrome
· impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2° to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)
Felty’s Syndrome
· rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
Gardner’s Syndrome
· adenomatous polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue tumors
Gaucher’s Disease
· Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency
· hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia
Gilbert’s Syndrome
· benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia
· defective glycoproteins on platelets
Goodpasture’s
· autoimmune: ab’s to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes
Grave’s Disease
· autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI)
Guillain-Barre
· idiopathic polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)
Hamman-Rich Syndrome
· idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Hand-Schuller-Christian
· chronic progressive histiocytosis
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
· autoimmune hypothyroidism
Hashitoxicosis
· initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
· hypersensivity vasculitis
· hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement)
· associated with upper respiratory infections
Hirschprung’s Disease
· aganglionic megacolon
Horner’s Syndrome
· ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2° to a Pancoast tumor)
Huntington’s
· progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex; AD
Jacksonian Seizures
· epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)
Job’s Syndrome
· immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimulirecurrent staphylococcal infections of the skin
Kaposi Sarcoma
· malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)
Kartagener’s Syndrome
· immotile cilia 2° to defective dynein arms infection, situs inversus, sterility
Kawasaki Disease
· mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa)
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
· 47, XXY patients are male in development but have seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated urinary gonadotropins, variable gynecomastia
Kluver-Bucy
· bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)
Krukenberg Tumor
· adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to the ovaries
Laennec’s Cirrhosis
· alcoholic cirrhosis
Lesch-Nyhan (X-link recessive)
· HGPRT deficiency (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, hyperuricemia and uric acid urolithiasis, choreoathetosis gout, retardation, self-mutilation
Letterer-Siwe
· acute disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis
Libman-Sacks
· endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets
· associated with SLE
Lou Gehrig’s
· Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons
Mallory-Weis Syndrome
· bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2° to wretching (alcoholics)
Marfan’s autosomal dominant
· connective tissue defect ectopia lentis, and vascular defects (particularly aneurysm of the aorta, dissecting or diffuse); iris transillumination
McArdle’s Disease
· glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
Meckel’s Diverticulum
· rule of 2’s: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population
· embryonic duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic, etc.)
Meig’s Syndrome
· Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
Menetrier’s Disease
· giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)
Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerosis
· calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.)
Munchausen Syndrome
· factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn’t know why)
Nelson’s Syndrome
· 1° Adrenal Cushings ® surgical removal of adrenals ® loss of negative feedback to pituitary ® Pituitary Adenoma
Niemann-Pick
· Lysosomal Storage Disease sphingomyelinase deficiency
· “foamy histiocytes”
Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome
· Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (after puberty, marked by multiple small telangiectases and dilated venules that develop slowly on the skin and mucous membranes; the face, lips, tongue, nasopharynx, and intestinal mucosa are frequent sites, and recurrent bleeding may occur; autosomal dominant)
Paget’s Disease
· abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures ® pain)
Pancoast Tumor
· bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement (adenocarcinoma of a lung apex)® Horner’s Syndrome ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis on the side of the sympathetic palsy)
Parkinson’s
· dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts
Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome
· melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps of small intestine
Peyronie’s Disease
· subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis
Pick’s Disease
· progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer’s
Plummer’s Syndrome
· hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer’s = Grave’s - eye signs)
Plummer-Vinson
· esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, * SCCA of esophagus
Pompe’s Disease
· glycogen storage disease ® cardiomegaly
Pott’s Disease
· tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
Potter’s Complex
· renal agenesis ® oligohydramnios ® hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities
Raynaud’s
· Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities
· Phenomenon: 2° to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
Reiter’s Syndrome
· urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular
Reye’s Syndrome
· microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy
· 2° to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness
Riedel’s Thyroiditis
· idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid
Rotor Syndrome
· congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)
· similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver
Sezary Syndrome
· leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) exfoliative dermatitis with intense pruritus, resulting from cutaneous infiltration by atypical mononuclear cells (T lymphocytes with markedly convoluted or cerebriform nuclei) also found in the peripheral blood, and associated with alopecia, edema, and nail and pigmentary changes; a variant of mycosis fungoides
Shaver’s Disease
· aluminum inhalation ® lung fibrosis
Sheehan’s Syndrome
· postpartum pituitary necrosis
Shy-Drager
· parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension
Simmond’s Disease
· pituitary cachexia,usually developing postpartum during a hypotensive episode during delivery
Sipple’s Syndrome
· MEN type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla, parathyroid)
Sjogren’s Syndrome
· triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis * risk of B-cell lymphoma
Spitz Nevus
· juvenile melanoma (always benign)
Stein-Leventhal
· polycystic ovary hirsutism, obesity, menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and enlarged ovaries
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
· erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2° to infection or sulfa drugs)
Still’s Disease
· juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)
Takayasu’s arteritis common in females.
· aortic arch syndrome
· loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses
Tay-Sachs
· gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency ® GM2 ganglioside)
Tetralogy of Fallot
· ÊVSD, Ëoverriding aorta, Ìpulmonary artery stenosis, Íright ventricular hypertrophy
Tourette’s Syndrome
· involuntary actions, both motor and vocal
Turcot’s Syndrome
· adenomatous polyps of colon plus CNS tumors
Turner’s Syndrome
· 45, XO dwarfism, webbed neck,ovary fibrous streak amenorrhea
Vincent’s Infectionmiddle-aged adults
· “trench mouth” - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (A fusiform bacillus and Treponema vincentii can be isolated from the gingival tissues
von Gierke’s Disease
· glycogen storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)
von Hippel-Lindau
· hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma)
· adenomas of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma
von Recklinghausen’s
·neurofibromatosis & café au lait spots
von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone
· osteitis fibrosa cystica (“brown tumor”) 2° to hyperparathyroidism
von Willebrand’s Disease
· defect in platelet adhesion 2° to deficiency in vWF, autosomal dominant inheritance
Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia
· proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells
Wallenberg’s Syndrome
· Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis Medullary Syndrome”
· Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp
Waterhouse-Friderichsen
· catastrophic adrenal insufficiency 2° to hemorrhagic necrosis (eg, DIC)
· often 2° to meningiococcemia
Weber’s Syndrome
· Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain
· Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)
Wegener’s Granulomatosis
· necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.
Weil’s Disease
· leptospirosis acquired by contact with the urine
Wermer’s Syndrome
· MEN type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary)
Wernicke’s Aphasia
· Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
· thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies(confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)
Whipple’s Disease
· malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis, steatorrhea, acid-Schiff positive
Wilson’s Disease
· hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation & decrease in ceruloplasmin)
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
· immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)
Wolff-Chaikoff Effect
· high iodine level (-)’s thyroid hormone synthesis
Zenker’s Diverticulum (pharyngoesophageal diverticulum)
· esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES most common diverticulum of the esophagus; arises between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and the crico-pharyngeus muscle
Zollinger-Ellison
· gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) ®* acid ® intractable ulcers

Hallmark Findings

Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation
· Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
Antiplatelet Antibodies
· idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Arachnodactyly
· Marfan’s
Aschoff Bodies
· rheumatic fever
Auer Rods
· acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)
Autosplenectomy
· sickle cell anemia
Babinski
· UMN lesion
Basophilic Stippling of RBCs
· lead poisoning
Bence Jones Protein
· multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)
· Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia
Birbeck Granules
· histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
Blue Bloater
· Chronic Bronchitis
Boot-Shaped Heart
· Tetralogy of Fallot
Bouchard’s Nodes
· osteoarthritis (PIP)
Boutonniere’s Deformity
· rheumatoid arthritis
Brown Tumor
· hyperparathyroidism
Brushfield Spots
· Down’s
Call-Exner Bodies
· granulosa cell tumor
Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy
· Chagas’ Disease young children, with swelling of the skin at the site of entry, megacolon and megaesophagus
Chancre
·1° Syphilis
Chancroid
· Haemophilus ducreyi soft chancre
Charcot Triad
· multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)
Charcot-Leyden Crystals
· bronchial asthma
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
· cerebral lesion
Chocolate Cysts
· endometriosis
Chvostek’s Sign
· Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany
Clue Cells
·Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman’s Triangle
· osteosarcoma
Cold Agglutinins
· Mycoplasma pneumoniae
· infectious mononucleosis
Condyloma Lata
· 2° Syphilis
· new coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel
Cotton Wool Spots
· HTN
Councilman Bodies
· dying hepatocytes
Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule
· rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
Currant-Jelly Sputum
· Klebsiella
nonsporeforming
Curschmann’s Spirals
· bronchial asthma
Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra
· Parkinson’s
Donovan Bodies
·granuloma inguinale (STD)
Eburnation
· osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
Ectopia Lentis
·Marfan’s
Erythema Chronicum Migrans
· Lyme Disease
Fatty Liver
· Alcoholism
Ferruginous Bodies
· asbestosis
Ghon Focus / Complex
· Tuberculosis (1° & 2°, respectively)
Gower’s Maneuver
· Duchenne’s MD use of arms to stand
Heberden’s Nodes
· Osteoarthritis (DIP)
Heinz Bodies
· G6PDH Deficiency
Hemorrhagic Urticaria
· Henoch-Schonlein
Heterophil Antibodies
· infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Hirano Bodies
· Alzheimer’s
Hypersegmented PMNs
· Megaloblastic anemia
Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs
· iron-deficiency anemia
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
·
Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis
Joint Mice
· osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)
Kaussmaul Breathing
· acidosis
Keratin Pearls
· SCCA
Keyser-Fleischer Ring
· Wilson’s
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules
· diabetic nephropathy
Koilocytes
· HPV
Koplik Spots
· measles
Lewy Bodies
· Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
Lines of Zahn
· arterial thrombus
Lisch Nodules
· neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease)
Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli
· poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
McBurney’s Sign
· appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)
Michealis-Gutmann Bodies
· Malakoplakia
Monoclonal Antibody Spike
· multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)
· MGUS
Myxedema
· hypothyroidism
Negri Bodies
· rabies
Neuritic Plaques
·Alzheimer’s
Neurofibrillary Tangles
· Alzheimer’s
Non-pitting Edema
· Myxedema
· Anthrax Toxin
Notching of Ribs
· Coarctation of Aorta
Nutmeg Liver
· CHF
Painless Jaundice
· pancreatic CA (head)
Pannus
·rheumatoid arthritis
Pautrier’s Microabscesses
· mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
Philadelphia Chromosome
· CML
· ALL
Pick Bodies
· Pick’s Disease striking atrophy of portions of the frontal and temporal lobes
Pink Puffer
· Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - a1-antitrypsin deficiency
Podagra
· gout (MP joint of hallux)
Port-Wine Stain
· Hemangioma
Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign
· tearing of the ACL
Psammoma Bodies
· Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
· Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
· Meningioma
· Mesothelioma
Pseudohypertrophy
·Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Punched-Out Bone Lesions
·multiple myeloma
Rash on Palms & Soles
·2° Syphilis
· RMSF
Red Morning Urine
· paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Reed-Sternberg Cells
· Hodgkin’s Disease
Reid Index Increased
· chronic bronchitis
Reinke Crystals
· Leydig cell tumor
Rouleaux Formation
· multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked as poker chips
S3 Heart Sound
· L®R Shunt (VSD, PDA)
· Mitral Regurg
· LV Failure
S4 Heart Sound
· Pulmonary Stenosis
· Pulmonary HTN
Schwartzman Reaction
· Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs
Simian Crease
· Down’s
Smith Antigen
· SLE (also anti-dsDNA)
Soap Bubble on X-Ray
· giant cell tumor of bone
Spike & Dome Glomeruli
· membranous glomerulonephritis
String Sign on X-ray
· Crohn’s bowel wall thickening
Target Cells
· Thalassemia
Tendinous Xanthomas
· Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Thyroidization of Kidney
· chronic pyelonephritis
Tophi
· gout
Tram-Track Glomeruli
·membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Trousseau’s Sign
· visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)
· hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.
Virchow’s Node
· supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells
· Measles
WBC Casts
· pyelonephritis
Wire Loop Glomeruli
·lupus nephropathy, type IV
* AFP in amniotic fluid or mother’s serum
·Spina Bifida
·Anencephaly
* Uric Acid
·Gout
·Lesch Nyhan
· Myeloproliferative Disorders
· Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)
¯ FEV1/FVC
· COPD

Most Common…

1° Tumor arising from bone in adults
· Multiple Myeloma
Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Adults
· Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Children
· Neuroblastoma
Bacterial Meningitis – adults
· Neisseria meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis – elderly
· Strep pneumoniae
Bacterial Meningitis – newborns
· E. coli
Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers
· Hib
Bone Tumors
· Metasteses from Breast & Prostate
Brain Tumor – Child
· Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Brain Tumor –Adult
· Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma
Breast Carcinoma
· Invasive Duct Carcinoma
Breast Mass
· Fibrocystic Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women)
Bug in Acute Endocarditis
· Staph aureus
Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt
· Klebsiella
Bug in Epiglottitis
· Hib
Bug in GI Tract
·Bacteroides (2nd – E. coli)
Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia
· Staph aureus
Bug in PID
· N. Gonnorrhoeae
Bug in Subacute Endocarditis
· Strep Viridans
Cardiac 1° Tumor – Adults
· Myxoma “Ball Valve”
Cardiac 1° Tumor – Child
· Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac Tumor – Adults
· Metasteses
Cardiomyopathy
· Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy
Cause of 2° HTN
· Renal Disease
Cause of Addison’s
·Autoimmune (2nd – infection)
Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
· 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (then, 11-)
Cause of Cushings
· Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1°* ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
Cause of death in Alzheimer pts
· Pneumonia
Cause of death in Diabetics
· MI
Cause of Death in SLE pts.
·Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)
Cause of Dementia
· Alzheimer’s
Cause of Dementia (2nd most common)
·Multi-Infarct Dementia
Cause of food poisoning
·Staph aureus
Cause of mental retardation
· Down’s
Cause of mental retardation (2nd most common)
· Fragile X
Cause of preventable blindness
· Chlamydia
Cause of Pulmonary HTN
· COPD
Cause of SIADH
· Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung continued secretion of antidiuretic hormone despite low serum osmolality and expanded extracellular volume.
Chromosomal disorder
· Down’s
Congenital cardiac anomaly
· VSD (membranous > muscular)
Congenital early cyanosis
· Tetralogy of Fallot
Coronary Artery thrombosis
· LAD
Demyelinating Disease
· Multiple Sclerosis
Dietary Deficiency
· Iron
Disseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS
· CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)
Esophageal cancer
· SCCA
Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians
· Cystic Fibrosis
Female Tumor
· Leimyoma
Form of Amyloidosis
· Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)
Form of Tularemia
· Ulceroglandular,Francisella tularensis and transmitted to humans from rodents through the bite of a deer fly, Chrysops discalis, and other bloodsucking insects
Gynecologic malignancy
· Endometrial Carcinoma
Heart Murmur
· Mitral Valve Prolapse
Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis
· Mitral
Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users
· Tricuspid
Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever
· Mitral then Aortic
Hereditary Bleeding Disorder
· Von Willebrand’s Disease
Liver 1° Tumor
· Hepatoma
Liver Disease
· Alcoholic Liver Disease
Location of Adult brain tumors
· Above Tentorium
Location of Childhood brain tumors
· Below Tentorium
Lysosomal Storage Disease
· Gaucher’s
Motor Neuron Disease
· ALS
Neoplasm – Child
· Leukemia
Neoplasm – Child (2nd most common)
· Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)
Nephrotic Syndrome
· Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
· PCP
Ovarian Malignancy
· Serous Cystadenoma
Ovarian Tumor
· Hamartoma
Pancreatic Tumor
· Adeno (usually in the head)
Patient with ALL / CLL / AML / CML
· ALL - Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50
Patient with Goodpasture’s
· Young male
Patient with Reiter’s
· Male
Pituitary Tumor
· Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
· Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
Pt. With Hodgkin’s
· Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type – Female)
Pt. With Minimal Change Disease
· Young Child
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
· Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure
Sexually transmitted disease
· Chlamydia
Site of Diverticula
· Sigmoid Colon
Site of metastasis
· Regional Lymph Nodes
Site of metastasis (2nd most common)
· Liver
Sites of atherosclerosis
· Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Skin Cancer
· Basal Cell Carcinoma
Stomach cancer
· Adeno
Testicular Tumor
· Seminoma
Thyroid Cancer
· Papillary Carcinoma
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
· Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus – blind pouch
Tumor of Infancy
· Hemangioma
Type of Hodkin’s
· Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis)
Type of Non-Hodgkin’s
· Follicular, small cleaved
Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries)
· Temporal Arteritis
Viral Encephalitis
· HSV
Worm infection in US
· Pinworm (2nd – Ascaris)

Signature Drug Toxicities

Agranulocytosis
· Clozapine
Aplastic Anemia
· Chloramphenicol
· NSAIDs
· Benzene
Atropine-like Side Effects
· Tricyclics
Cardiotoxicity
· Doxorubicin
· Daunorubicin
Cartilage Damage in children
·Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin)
Cinchonism (tinnitus, headache, deafness, and occasionally, anaphylactoid shock)
· Quinidine
Cough
· ACE Inhibitors
Diabetes Insipidus
· Lithium
Disulfiram-like effect
· Metronidazole
· Sulfonylureas (1st generation)
Extrapyramidal Side Effects
· Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)
Fanconi’s Syndrome
·Tetracycline
Fatal Hepatotoxicity (necrosis)
· Valproic Acid
· Halothane
· Acetaminophen
Gingical Hyperplasia
· Phenytoin
Gray Baby Syndrome
· Chloramphenicol
Gynecomastia
· Cimetidine
· Azoles
· Spironolactone
· Digitalis
Hemolytic Anemia in G6PD-deficiency
· Sulfonamides
· Isoniazid
· Aspirin
· Ibuprofen
·Primaquine
Hepatitis
·Isoniazid
Hot Flashes, Flushing
· Niacin
· Tamoxifen
· Ca++ Channel Blockers
Induce CP450

· Barbiturates
· Phenytoin
· Carbamazepine
· Rifampin
Inhibit CP450

· Cimetidine
· Ketoconazole
Interstitial Nephritis
· Methicillin
· NSAIDs (except Aspirin)
· Furosemide
· Sulfonamides
Monday Disease
· Nitroglycerin Industrial exposure ® tolerance during week ® loss of tolerance during weekend ® headache, tach, dizziness upon re-exposure
Orange Body Fluids
· Rifampin
Osteoporosis
· Heparin
· Corticosteroids
Positive Coombs’ Test
· Methyldopa
Pulmonary Fibrosis
· Bleomycin
· Amiodarone
Red Man Syndrome
· Vancomycin
Severe HTN with Tyramine
· MAOIs
SLE-like Syndrome
·Procainamide
·Hydralazine
Tardive Dyskinesia
· Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)
Tinnitus
· Aspirin
· Quinidine

Miscellaneous

·Fastest growing tumor – Burkitt’s
·PE’s are found in half of all autopsies
·Courvoisier’s Law: tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders, but obstructing gallstones do not (too much scarring).
·Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm: Pox
·Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus: Influenza
·Bacillus anthracis has the only protein capsule
·Bordetella pertussis (Whooping Cough) elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis
·Bronchioalveolar carcinomas grow without destroying the normal architecture of the lung
·Cryptococcus neoformans often lacks a capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks just like Pneumycistis carinii, except that Cryptococcus lacks the prominent nucleoli.

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